@article {53,
	title = {Phylogeny of Ephemeroptera (mayflies) based on molecular evidence.},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/12//},
	pages = {625 - 43},
	abstract = {This study represents the first molecular phylogeny for the Order Ephemeroptera. The analyses included 31 of the 37 families, representing approximately 24\% of the genera. Fifteen families were supported as being monophyletic, five families were supported as nonmonophyletic, and 11 families were only represented by one species, and monophyly was not testable. The suborders Furcatergalia and Carapacea were supported as monophyletic while Setisura and Pisciforma were not supported as monophyletic. The superfamilies Ephemerelloidea and Caenoidea were supported as monophyletic while Baetoidea, Siphlonuroidea, Ephemeroidea, and Heptagenioidea were not. Baetidae was recovered as sister to the remaining clades. The mayfly gill to wing origin hypothesis was not supported nor refuted by these data. Mandibular tusks were supported as having at least one loss in Behningiidae and, together with the burrowing lifestyle, possibly two origins. The fishlike body form was supported as plesiomorphic for mayflies with multiple secondary losses. Topological sensitivity analysis was used as a tool to examine patterns concerning the stability of relationships across a parameter landscape, providing additional information that may not have been acquired otherwise.},
	keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Insects, Insects: anatomy \& histology, Insects: classification, Insects: genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, PHYLOGENY, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16214375},
	author = {Ogden, T Heath and Whiting, Michael F}
}
@article {32,
	title = {Convergent evolution of gigantism in damselflies of Africa and South America? Evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data.},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/02//},
	pages = {339 - 46},
	abstract = {Extreme large body size is rare in modern Zygoptera (damselflies). Only the South and Central American damselfly family Pseudostigmatidae and one African species, Coryphagrion grandis, share the morphological trait of gigantism. By means of phylogenetic analyses using two mitochondrial markers (16S rDNA and ND1) and one nuclear marker (EF1) in combination with an existing morphological data set, we trace the evolution of gigantism in damselflies. Individual and combined data sets were analyzed using the maximum parsimony, minimum evolution and maximum likelihood algorithms. Regardless of the algorithm used and the data set analyzed all principal tree topologies support a monophyly of the damselfly taxa displaying giant body size. This supports the view that the evolution of gigantism in damselflies from Africa and South America is not the result of convergent evolution due to strikingly similar habitat preferences, but rather the result of close genealogical relationship. Because modern odonates evolved before the split of Africa from Gondwanaland, the proposed phylogeny suggests that C. grandis represents a Gondwana relict.},
	keywords = {AFRICA, Animals, Cell Nucleus, Cell Nucleus: genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Mitochondrial: chemistry, DNA, Mitochondrial: genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Insects, Insects: classification, Insects: genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, NADH Dehydrogenase, NADH Dehydrogenase: genetics, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Peptide Elongation Factor 1: genetics, PHYLOGENY, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, South America},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16945555},
	author = {Groeneveld, Linn F and Clausnitzer, Viola and Hadrys, Heike}
}
